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AN Solid Rivet Reference

AN426 & AN470 — Dimensions, Drill Sizes, Shop Head & Installation

AC 43.13-1B CHAPTER 4
MIL-R-47196A / QQ-A-430
FAR PART 23 / EAB COMPLIANT

Quick Reference

Part Number Decoder

AN Standard
470 Style
AD Material
4 Dia Code
‑5 Length

AN470AD4-5 = Universal head, 2117-T4 aluminum, 1/8" dia, 5/16" total length

Style

426100° countersunk (flush)
470Universal head (protruding)

Dia Code

33/32" (0.094")
41/8"  (0.125")
55/32" (0.156")
63/16" (0.188")
81/4"  (0.250")

Length Dash

‑NN × 1/16" total length
‑44/16" = 1/4"
‑55/16" = 5/16"
‑66/16" = 3/8"
‑88/16" = 1/2"

Material Codes & Head Markings

AD 2117‑T4 — dimple in head — Field rivet. No ice-box re-treatment needed. Standard for all EAB work.
D 2017‑T4 — raised dot on head. Requires re-quench; drive within 1 hr of refrigerator.
DD 2024‑T4 — two raised dashes — Strongest. Refrigerate after quench; drive within 10–20 min.
B 5056‑H32 — raised cross. Magnesium alloy structures only. Not interchangeable with AD.
A 1100 / 3003 — plain (no mark) — Very soft. Non-structural use only (fabric, fairings, trim).
Part # Shank Ø Fraction Drill Hole Dia Head Ø C/S Depth Min Shop Ø Min Shop Ht Typical Use
AN426AD3 0.094" 3/32" #41 0.096" 0.270" 0.083" 0.141" 0.047" Control surface skins, fairings, light skins — dimple required for most EAB skins
AN426AD4 0.125" 1/8" #30 0.128" 0.360" 0.110" 0.188" 0.063" Primary skins to ribs — most common flush rivet in EAB construction
AN426AD5 0.156" 5/32" #21 0.159" 0.450" 0.138" 0.234" 0.078" Spar flanges, heavier skins, high-load skin joints
AN426AD6 0.188" 3/16" #11 0.191" 0.540" 0.165" 0.281" 0.094" Heavy skins, primary structural flush joints
AN426AD8 0.250" 1/4" F 0.257" 0.720" 0.220" 0.375" 0.125" Heavy plate — rarely used in EAB construction

Length Selection

Rivet Add for Tail (1.5D)
AD3 (3/32")+ 0.141"
AD4 (1/8")+ 0.188"
AD5 (5/32")+ 0.234"
AD6 (3/16")+ 0.281"
AD8 (1/4")+ 0.375"
Rivet length = grip + 1.5D
Grip = total material stack thickness
Dash # = total length in 1/16ths
Always round UP to next standard size

Countersink vs. Dimple (AC 43.13-1B)

Rivet C/S Depth Min Sheet for MCS
AD30.083"0.125"
AD40.110"0.165"
AD50.138"0.207"
AD60.165"0.248"
AD80.220"0.330"
MCS = machine countersink. Min sheet = 1.5× C/S depth so countersink does not exceed 2/3 of sheet thickness (AC 43.13-1B). Dimple all thinner skins. If in doubt, dimple.

AN426 Installation Notes

Flush Seating Manufactured head must sit flush within ±0.003". A proud head disturbs airflow; a sunken head indicates an undersize countersink — drill out and replace.
Flush Set Placement Place the flush set on the manufactured head side. Buck from the shop head side. Never drive the flush head with a universal set.
Sub-Dimpling When a skin is dimpled, the mating substructure (rib flange, spar cap) must be sub-dimpled or machine countersunk to nest the dimple. A flat surface under a dimpled skin creates a gap — reject.

Material Selection AN426AD is standard for all flush applications in EAB. Use AD (2117-T4) — no re-treatment required. Do not substitute D or DD without a controlled re-heat-treat plan (AC 43.13-1B 4-45).

Countersink Quality Use a cage countersink tool for consistent depth. Deburr the hole before countersinking. Verify fit with a rivet placed dry in the countersink — flush within 0.003" before driving. Avoid a knife edge in the skin.

Rivet Removal Center-punch, drill with a bit 1/16" smaller than the shank diameter, then drive the manufactured head sideways with a punch. Do not enlarge the hole. If the hole is damaged, use the next size up per plans, or consult AC 43.13-1B Chapter 2 for repair.

Part # Shank Ø Fraction Drill Hole Dia Head Ø Head Ht Min Shop Ø Min Shop Ht Typical Use
AN470AD3 0.094" 3/32" #41 0.096" 0.188" 0.071" 0.141" 0.047" Light ribs, control surface substructure, light brackets
AN470AD4 0.125" 1/8" #30 0.128" 0.250" 0.095" 0.188" 0.063" Most common — ribs to spars, skin to substructure, brackets
AN470AD5 0.156" 5/32" #21 0.159" 0.313" 0.119" 0.234" 0.078" Spar webs, heavy brackets, high-load structural joints
AN470AD6 0.188" 3/16" #11 0.191" 0.375" 0.143" 0.281" 0.094" Primary structural joints, wing root, spar carry-through
AN470AD8 0.250" 1/4" F 0.257" 0.500" 0.190" 0.375" 0.125" Heavy primary structure — rarely used in EAB

Shop Head Requirements

Rivet Min Shop Ø Min Shop Ht
AD3 (3/32")0.141"0.047"
AD4 (1/8")0.188"0.063"
AD5 (5/32")0.234"0.078"
AD6 (3/16")0.281"0.094"
AD8 (1/4")0.375"0.125"
Shop Ø = 1.5 × shank dia
Shop Ht = 0.5 × shank dia
Use a rivet gauge to verify height
Applies to AN426 shop heads as well

Common AD4 Length Examples

Material Stack Grip Select
0.025" + 0.025"0.050"AD4‑4 (1/4")
0.032" + 0.032"0.064"AD4‑5 (5/16")
0.032" + 0.040"0.072"AD4‑5 (5/16")
0.040" + 0.040"0.080"AD4‑5 (5/16")
0.040" + 0.063"0.103"AD4‑5 (5/16")
0.063" + 0.063"0.126"AD4‑6 (3/8")
Formula: length = grip + 0.188" (for AD4)
Protrusion before driving = 1.5 × 0.125" = 0.188"
Round up to next 1/16" increment

AN470 Installation Notes

Where to Use Universal head for all interior structure — ribs, spars, bulkheads, doublers. Use AN426 only where a flush surface is required (exterior skin, control surfaces, aerodynamic fairings).
Driving Technique Universal (cup) rivet set on the manufactured head; bucking bar on shop head side. The cup set matches the dome profile — a flat set will deform the head. Hold bar firmly against shank. Use minimum force to fill the hole and form the shop head.
Riveting Order Start at the center of each panel and work outward. Drive every-other rivet first along the length, then fill gaps. This prevents oil-canning and locked-in stress from progressing edge-to-edge.

Head Seating Manufactured head must be fully flat against the material. A tilted or rocked head is rejectable. Verify the head does not rotate after driving — rotation indicates the shank did not properly fill the hole.

Hole Fit The driven shank must fill the hole. Standard clearance is 0.002"–0.003" (#41 for AD3, #30 for AD4). Hole max oversize: +0.003". If the hole is oversize, move up one shank size or follow AC 43.13-1B Chapter 2 repair procedures.

Rejection Criteria Reject if: cracked shop head, shop head off-center by >10% of head dia, tipped or shaved head, shop head smaller than minimum dimensions, manufactured head lifted off surface, or rivet installed in wrong material.

Rivet Dia (D) Min Edge Distance (2D) Typical Edge (2.5D) Min Pitch (3D) Typical Pitch (4D) Min Row Spacing (2.5D)
AD3 3/32" (0.094") 0.188" 0.234" 0.281" 0.375" 0.234"
AD4 1/8" (0.125") 0.250" 0.313" 0.375" 0.500" 0.313"
AD5 5/32" (0.156") 0.313" 0.391" 0.469" 0.625" 0.391"
AD6 3/16" (0.188") 0.375" 0.469" 0.563" 0.750" 0.469"
AD8 1/4" (0.250") 0.500" 0.625" 0.750" 1.000" 0.625"

Edge Distance Minimum 2D from rivet centerline to nearest material edge. Below 2D risks tear-out under load — reject. Typical 2.5D per Van’s Aircraft plans. Always measure to the closest free edge.

Pitch & Spacing Minimum 3D center-to-center. Closer spacing reduces net section; wider reduces load transfer. Typical 4D–8D. Do not deviate from plans without engineering analysis.

Hole Preparation Match-drill through both parts clamped together. Deburr both faces. Hole must be clean, round, and perpendicular. Max oversize +0.003". If enlarged beyond tolerance, move up one rivet size or follow AC 43.13-1B Chapter 2.

Inspection (AC 43.13-1B 4-58) Manufactured head: flush/fully seated, no cracks, not rotatable. Shop head: concentric, no cracks, meets minimum diameter and height. No visible gap between manufactured head and material surface.